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Exoskeletal structure and composition in selected arthropod groups of the Prague Basin
Šilinger, Matěj ; Fatka, Oldřich (advisor) ; Weiner, Tomáš (referee)
The thesis is focused on the study of the internal exoskeletal microanatomy of trilobites and phyllocarid crustaceans from Lower Paleozoic rocks of the Prague Basin. Two main methods are used for this study. The first method, etching of polished slices with ethylendiamintetraacetic acid (EDTA) has been used for the study of microanatomy of trilobite exoskeletons; this method is for the first time used on material from the Prague Basin. The second method, maceration in hydrofluoric acid has been used mainly for the extraction of "small carbonaceous fossils". This method is for the first time applied for the study of exoskeletons in phyllocarid crustaceans. Main goal of the thesis is to determine whether the exoskeletons of trilobites and phyllocarid crustaceans found in the Prague basin are suitably well preserved to be studied with above mentioned methods. Key words: arthropods, exoskeletal structure and composition, Prague Basin
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Latest Ludlow chitinozoans from the Prague Basin: significanec for correlations and succession during Kozlowskii/Lau extinction events
Vodička, Jakub ; Fatka, Oldřich (advisor) ; Štorch, Petr (referee)
Two sections, Všeradice and Kosov, represent continuous sedimentary succession situated in the Prague Basin. No detailed research on stratigraphical level equal the N. kozlowskii graptolite zone focusing on chitinozoans, has not yet been conducted in the Prague Basin and is also very scarce globally. Limestone beds, examined for chitinozoans, were not very productive. Chitinozoan reaction on extinction is visible, if we compile data from both sections. The pre-extinct chitinozoan fauna is characterized by the Conochitinidae family. Samples from the post-extinct interval contained no chitinozoas. The interval of fauna recovery is characterized mainly by the Eisenackitina genera. In this interval, global zone for the uppermost Ludfordian, represented by E. barrandei, can be confirmed. In agreement with all the published literature, we have not found E. philipi, index taxa of the former global zone in the Prague Basin. E. lagenomorpha appears stratigraphically only slightly below E. barrandei and therefore it cannot substitute E. philipi, as it is used in Baltika region. chitinozoa, Prague Basin, Kozlowskii, Lau, extinction, Ludfordian, stratigraphy
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Tests of selected methods leading to precise stratigraphy of the Králův Dvůr Formation
Bartošová, Jarmila ; Kraft, Petr (advisor) ; Frýda, Jiří (referee)
A model study about the precise stratigraphy of the Kralodvorian Formation was made on the drill core from Ořech near Prague. The exposure at Levín was used as a reference section. Both sections were sedimentologicaly studied and described in detail. The study of thin sections was a supplemented for exact description of the rocks and lithotypes. Chemostratigraphic methods (?13C and TOC) and method of the rock magnetic susceptibility were used for detailed stratigraphic analyse. All the mentioned methods of both sections. Samples for the measurements of the magnetic susceptibility were taken by 0.5 m of thickness. The measurement of ?13C and TOC was taken from the non-wheathered 80 m of the drill core Ořech and from the upper 20 m Králův Dvůr Formation at Levín profile by 2 m. The available data show that Ořech represents low and middle part of the Kralodvorian strata and that all studied thickness (80 m) belongs to only positive excursion of ?13C. This excursion is interpreted to be the upper Katian. It gives an evidence that sedimentation of the Kralův Dvůr Formation was very fast. Identification and interpretation of this excursion makes possible the accurate interregional corelation of the strata. A precise regional stratigraphic subdivision is based on inhomogenities caused by different materials or...
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Selected cephalopods from the Ordovician of the Prague Basin (Bohemia) and Baltica (Estonia and Sweden): taxonomy, paleobiogeography and paleoecology
Aubrechtová, Martina ; Košťák, Martin (advisor) ; Klug, Christian (referee) ; King, Andrew H. (referee)
This dissertation thesis is a summary of five studies published in peer- reviewed, impacted scientific journals. All of the publications are taxonomic revisions of previously unknown or little known collections of fossil cephalopods from the Early Paleozoic strata of Bohemia, Estonia and Sweden. Paleogeogra- phical and stratigraphical distributions of the respective taxa were summarized, refined and compared with contemporary fossil assemblages known from other regions. Implications on the paleoecology of the cephalopods and original envi- ronmental conditions were made. The text of the thesis is divided into three main parts. In the first part, the morphology of cephalopods is explained, stressing out the most important diagnostic characters used for their descriptions. The current systematics of the Cephalopoda is overviewed and the main cephalopod groups during the Ordovician are briefly introduced. The second part of the thesis describes the geological development and settings of the regions, from which the studied fossil cephalopods originate. The third and final part of the thesis provides a discussion and interpretation of the results of the published studies in the context of the previously published research. The genus Bactroceras Holm, 1898 and some members of the order Litui- tida were studied...
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Early Devonian Foraminifera of the Barrandian area
Vaněčková, Anna ; Holcová, Katarína (advisor) ; Tonarová, Petra (referee)
The first part is devoted to basic information on systematics, general biology of foraminifera, morphology of their tests which is important for taxonomy and also on ecology. The following section relates to characteristic of the Devonian, with the emphasis on the Barrandian area and its stratigraphy plus characteristic of the Na Stydlých vodách quarry where samples were taken for the purpose of this thesis. In the last part, results of the Early Devonian foraminifera of the Barrandian area research are compared with similar studies conducted abroad.
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Taxonomy, ecology and palaeogeographical significance of the genus Euorthisima (Brachiopoda) in the Prague Basin
Bartošová, Kateřina ; Mergl, Michal (advisor) ; Sklenář, Jan (referee)
Taxonomic position of the brachiopod genus Euorthisina HAVLÍ EK 1950 from the Ordovician of the Prague Basin (Czech republic) was subjected to wide discussions and disputes in the past. The genus was first classified within the superfamily Syntrophiiacea (order Pentamerida). Later, a separate family Euorthisinidae by Havlí ek (1977) was defined. At present, the family is assigned to the order Orthida and includes genera Euorthisina HAVLÍ EK, 1950, Lesserorthis BENEDETTO, 2007, Notorthisina HAVLÍ EK & BRANISA, 1980 and Protorthisina BENEDETTO, 2007. In this thesis, a revision of genus Euorthisina HAVLÍ EK 1950 with emphasis on taxonomic classification, palaeoecology and palaeogeographic occurrence of species E. moesta and E. minor described from the Ordovician of the Prague Basin has been made. Klí ová slova: Euorthisina, brachiopoda, Ordovician, Prague Basin, Czech republic.
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Silurian and Devonian volcanism of the Prague Basin
Tasáryová, Zuzana ; Frýda, Jiří (advisor) ; Renno, Axel D. (referee) ; Awdankiewicz, Marek (referee)
The principal goal of the thesis is to constrain nature of magmatic and alteration processes, character of mantle source(s), geotectonic setting and palaeogeographic implications of the Silurian and Devonian volcanism in Prague Basin (Teplá-Barrandian Unit, Bohemian Massif). The thesis is based on extensive geochemical study covering major- and trace-element geochemistry, neodymium isotope geochemistry and mineral chemistry supported by petrographic and field observations. The most important conclusions of the thesis are as follows: 1. The Silurian volcanic rocks of the Prague Basin represent within-plate, transitional alkali to tholeiitic basalts, which erupted in continental rift setting through thick Cadomian crust. The basalts originated by low degrees of partial melting of garnet peridotite mantle source. Older Wenlock basalts are similar to alkaline ocean island basalts (OIB) derived from subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM), enriched most probably by frozen pods of Ordovician magmas. Younger Ludlow basalts resemble tholeiitic enriched mid-oceanic ridge basalts (EMORB) derived from subduction-modified SCLM depleted by Late Cambrian melting. The Wenlock-Ludlow melting is characterized by contemporaneous mixing of melts derived from both enriched and depleted SCLM mantle domains. 2....
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Silurian Scolekodonts of the Barrandian area
Tonarová, Petra ; Fatka, Oldřich (advisor) ; Slavík, Ladislav (referee) ; Michalík, Jozef (referee)
Scolecodonts (= jaws of the polychaete worms) have always been a relatively neglected group of microfossils. In the Prague Basin (Czech Republic), only two major studies exclusively focused on scolecodonts have been published. The aim of the present research was to fill in this gap - by a restudy of the historical collections of Žebera and Šnajdr, and its comparison with results gained from newly collected late Silurian samples and scolecodont faunas from other areas. It has turned out that the jawed polychaete fauna in the Prague Basin was much more diversified than previously reported. The last report on late Silurian scolecodonts by Šnajdr (1951) concluded that there are four determined and two species left in open nomenclature present. Restudy of the original collection has shown that there are at least 11 different species from families Mochtyellidae, Polychaetaspidae, Ramphoprionidae, Paulinitidae, Atraktoprionidae, Skalenoprionidae and Hadoprionidae. The new collection from similar stratigraphical level gained at least 25 species, including one newly described ("Mochtyella" pragensis). The taxonomic re-study also focused on the species Kettnerites kosoviensis that is a type species of the genus and was described in the Prague Basin. The new samples come from the limestone which is in contrast to...
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Semiquantitative study of the fossil association of the Dobrotivá Formation (Ordovician, Prague Basin) in Ejpovice
Luptáková, Monika ; Kraft, Petr (advisor) ; Mergl, Michal (referee)
The master thesis is focused on the semiquantitative study of the fossil association of the stratigraphically lowest layer No. 3 from the channel sample from the Ejpovice locality, where in the southern bank of the flooded quarry, the Dobrotivá Formation of the Ordovician of the Prague Basin is exposed in the thickness of several meters. The thesis briefly summarizes basic knowledge about the fossil associations of the Dobrotivá Formation, its lithology, stratigraphy and previous paleontological research at studied locality. Paleoecology of the fauna recorded in studied material is described. The main part of the thesis is focused on the taphonomy and associations of the fossils recorded in studied material. In the final part of the thesis, the overall fossil association is characterized depending on the paleoecology and taphonomy of preserved fossils, and the model of the paleoenvironment at the Ejpovice locality is discussed. Based on the lithology and studied fossil associations, it is assumed that a dysoxic environment with episodic currents prevailed in the Ejpovice locality. The fauna is species-depleted and taxa typical of the Dobrotivá Formation are rare. The fauna is mainly allochtonous and most of the organisms are considered as postmortal accumulations in this study. Key words:...
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Silurian and Devonian volcanism of the Prague Basin
Tasáryová, Zuzana
The principal goal of the thesis is to constrain nature of magmatic and alteration processes, character of mantle source(s), geotectonic setting and palaeogeographic implications of the Silurian and Devonian volcanism in Prague Basin (Teplá-Barrandian Unit, Bohemian Massif). The thesis is based on extensive geochemical study covering major- and trace-element geochemistry, neodymium isotope geochemistry and mineral chemistry supported by petrographic and field observations. The most important conclusions of the thesis are as follows: 1. The Silurian volcanic rocks of the Prague Basin represent within-plate, transitional alkali to tholeiitic basalts, which erupted in continental rift setting through thick Cadomian crust. The basalts originated by low degrees of partial melting of garnet peridotite mantle source. Older Wenlock basalts are similar to alkaline ocean island basalts (OIB) derived from subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM), enriched most probably by frozen pods of Ordovician magmas. Younger Ludlow basalts resemble tholeiitic enriched mid-oceanic ridge basalts (EMORB) derived from subduction-modified SCLM depleted by Late Cambrian melting. The Wenlock-Ludlow melting is characterized by contemporaneous mixing of melts derived from both enriched and depleted SCLM mantle domains. 2....
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